Countercurrent Exchange In Fish Diagram

In both concurrent and countercurrent exchange the experimental or industrial apparatus can be thought of as two parallel pipes separated by a permeable membrane. Countercurrent exchange is found in many biological systems such as mammalian kidneys bird lungs and fish gills and is a commonly used industrial chemical and thermal transfer system.

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To maximize water reabsorption.

Countercurrent exchange in fish diagram. The folds are kept supported and moist by the water that is continually pumped through the mouth and over the gills. A similar system is the concurrent exchange process which is less effective and features transfers between fluids flowing in the same direction. Exchange when two fluids flow in the same direction.

Example of counter current exchange. Fish gills the principle of counter current exchange can be illustrated using fish gills. The flow of filtrate in the two limbs of the henle s loop is in opposite directions and so is the flow of blood cells in vasa recta.

The rows of gill filaments have many protrusions called gill lamellae. In the gills oxygen diffuses from an area of high concentration the water into an area of lower concentration the fish s bloodstream. Fish use gills for gas exchange.

The concentrated urine is formed in the following ways. Maintains concentration diffusion gradient and equilibrium is not reached along the whole length of lamellae. The nephrons involved in the formation of concentrated urine extend all the way from the cortex of the kidney to the medulla and are accompanied by vasa recta.

Transport of nacl without water in the thin and thick ascending limb of the loop of henle results in an interstitial osmolal gradient from 285 mosmol kg in the cortex similar to plasma to 1200 mosmol kg in the medulla at the tip of the renal. Therefore rate of exchange diminishes stops when gradient dies max rate of exchange 50. Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering in which there is a crossover of some property usually heat or some chemical between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other.

Greater the gradient the greater the rate of exchange countercurrent have small gradient over long distance. Description of countercurrent exchange in fish gills as an example of form relating to function in biology. For example in a distillation column the vapors.

How to increase efficiney of. Water and blood flow in opposite directions. The flowing bodies can be liquids gases or even solid powders or any combination of those.

Fish also have an efficient transport system within the lamellae which maintains the. Describe and explain how the countercurrent system leads to efficient gas exchange across the gills of a fish. The countercurrent exchange mechanism.

Gills have numerous folds that give them a very large surface area. Important parameters in the process include the speed of each fluid and the length of the parallel pipes. To maximize o2 uptake kidney.

Fish Gas Exchange