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The pathophysiology of left to right shunts is reviewed here. A shunt is an abnormal communication between the right and left sides of the heart or between the systemic and pulmonary vessels allowing blood to flow directly from one circulatory system to the. Medical Science For Nurses Congenital…

Reported higher prevalence of asa and patent foramen ovale in the afro caribbean population compared with indo asians suggesting asa as a possible cause for increased incidence of stroke in afro caribbeans 12. The atrial septum is the membrane that separates the left and the right upper chambers o…