Breakdown Voltage Of Air Vs Pressure
The voltage required to arc this distance is 327 v which is insufficient to ignite the arcs for gaps that are either wider or narrower. The law essentially states that at higher pressures above a few torr the breakdown characteristics of a gap are a function generally not linear of the product of the gas pressure and the gap length usually written as v f pd where pis the pressure and dis the gap distance.
Ann 37 69 which set out what has become known as paschen s law.
Breakdown voltage of air vs pressure. Higher breakdown voltages can be achieved by increasing pressure by adding nitrogen. Below is the paschen curve for air two flat parallel copper electrodes separated by 1 inch for. If the voltage is sufficiently high complete electrical breakdown of the air will culminate in an electrical spark or an electric arc that bridges the entire gap.
Across relatively small gaps breakdown voltage in air is a function of gap length times pressure. This occurs at a distance of 7 5 µm. For a 3 5 μm gap the required voltage is 533 v nearly twice as much.
Pashchen published a paper wied. The breakdown voltage of vacuum is independent of pressure which is never ze ro even in a high vacuum but does depend on the gap distance with figure 4 showing the range of typical va lues. It is observed that different gases has different breakdown voltage under the same experimental conditions and electrode geometry.
Besides the breakdown voltage versus pressure curves of gaseous dielectrics follows the classic paschen s law as well. For example air with an e p in the range of 450 to 7500 v kpa cm 1 a 112 50 kpa cm 1 and b 2737 50 v kpa cm 1. Pressures between 3x10 2 torr and 760 torr.
Vapor pressure 90 psi 6 1 atm at 23 c yielding breakdown voltage 17 times higher than air at 1 atm. The theoretical and experimental breakdown voltage results of different gases are compared. The color of the spark depends upon the gases that make up the gaseous media.
Pressure paschen s law and the paschen curve. Using paschen s law the minimum breakdown in air is calculated to be 327 v at standard atmospheric pressure. For example in air at a pressure of one atmosphere the distance for minimal breakdown voltage is about 7 5 μm.
Paschen s law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage as a function of atmospheric pressure and gap length and is written as v b bpd ln apd ln ln 1 1 γ se where v b is the dc breakdown voltage p is the pressure of the gas d is the gap distance in meters a and b are constants that depend on the surrounding gas and γ se is the secondary electron emission coefficient.
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