Breakdown Voltage Of Air Vs Altitude
The voltage required to arc this distance is 327 v which is insufficient to ignite the arcs for gaps that are either wider or narrower. Variation in breakdown voltages is approximately proportional to pressure and inversely proportional to temperature.
Breakdown Voltage Of Air Youtube
In standard conditions at atmospheric pressure gas serves as an excellent insulator requiring the application of a significant voltage before breaking down.
Breakdown voltage of air vs altitude. Using paschen s law the minimum breakdown in air is calculated to be 327 v at standard atmospheric pressure. Because power handling goes as voltage 2 your high voltage design that works on the bench might be in a world of hurt when you fly it. Generally this breakdown voltage is not a function of frequency but it is a strong function of altitude and gap size.
100 000ft 50 000ft 10 000ft sea level higher altitude. 100 1000 10000 100000 0 0001 0 001 0 01 0 1 1 10 100 1000 distance mm 100 000ft 50 000ft 10 000ft sea level higher altitude. The arc level drops to about 1200 vdc.
For a 3 5 μm gap the required voltage is 533 v nearly twice as much. An air gap breakdown voltage table can be used to look up the breakdown voltage for any gas or in the case this is not available it can be calculated using paschen s law. Accordingly the worst altitude is 150 000 ft where only about 300 vdc will arc across the electrodes.
For example in air at a pressure of one atmosphere the distance for minimal breakdown voltage is about 7 5 μm. One way to greatly improve power handling is to add a dielectric in place of air. Paschen s law is an equation that gives in a.
By the time you are at 50 000 feet it might be 400 000 volts per meter. In partial vacuum this breakdown potential may decrease to an extent that two uninsulated surfaces with different potentials might induce the electrical breakdown of the surrounding gas. The threshold voltage at which an insulator becomes conducting is known as the breakdown voltage or dielectric strength.
The curve on the chart above tells the story. As you go up in altitude and air pressure drops the critical field decrease. In air at 1 atmosphere the critical field is often quoted at about 3 000 000 volts meter or 30 000 volts cm or about 76 volts per mil.
At sea level about 30 000 vdc is required to initiate an arc across the electrode gap. Below is the paschen curve for air two flat parallel copper electrodes separated by 1 inch for pressures between 3x10 2 torr and 760 torr. This occurs at a distance of 7 5 µm.
Figure 7 From Investigating The Effects Of Altitude Air Density
Figure 4 From A Method For Breakdown Voltage Prediction Of Short
Figure 4 From A Method For Breakdown Voltage Prediction Of Short
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