Dead Space Vs Shunt
A pulmonary shunt refers to the passage of deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the left without participation in gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries. An alveolar capillary unit in which ventilation is normal but perfusion is diminished or absent.
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There are 2 types of mismatch.
Dead space vs shunt. I e the airways of the mouth nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles and terminal bronchioles and a respiratory zone lung parenchyma. Variations in the distribution of ventilation in conjunction with distribution of perfusion can run the gamut of perfusion without ventilation known as physiologic dead space to anatomic shunt blood bypasses the lungs and directly enters the systemic circulation anatomic shunt cause deoxygenated blood to transfer into the systemic circulation without passing through the pulmonary circulation. This article will describe how dead space is different from shunt.
Theoretically a unit with a ratio of 1 0. Pneumonia atelectasis pulmonary embolism etc. A unit with a ratio 1 0.
Blood flows through an area of the lung but all the alveoli are destroyed and no gas exchange occurs. If the patient s sao2 doesn t go up or goes up only minimally from 80 to 83 say then it s likely a shunt. A ideal alveolar capillary unit.
An alveolar capillary unit in which perfusion is normal but ventilation is diminished. It is a pathological condition that results when the alveoli of the lungs are perfused with blood as normal but ventilation the supply of air fails to supply the perfused region. Shunt versus dead space.
I e respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs the conducting zone is composed of nonrespiratory tissue and provides the passage for ventilation of the. Shunt is perfusion of poorly ventilated alveoli. An alveolar capillary unit in which perfusion and ventilation are normal.
Physiologic dead space is ventilation of poor perfused alveoli. The main difference between the shunt and dead space is that shunt is the pathological condition in which the alveoli are perfused but not ventilated whereas dead space is the physiological condition in which the alveoli are ventilated but not perfused. Dead space and shunt.
It will help you understand how you can use these concepts to care for your patient. Usually happens in copd. The respiratory system consists of a conducting zone anatomic dead space.
For example in pneumonia the area of the alveoli is well perfused although it is not well ventilated leading to the shunt. Dead space is where there is no blood that contacts a ventilated area. Oximetry ordinarily methemoglobin and hbco make up less than 5 of the total hemoglobin concentration however in smoke inhalation co or high dose nitroglycerin methhb this may not be valid and a two channel oximeter will be wrong.
Cannot be corrected by 100 oxygen.
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